Concepts of Corruption as threat of Security

Corruption is one of the biggest menaces that have faced the current world. It is vice that has robed many if not all nations a lion share of the resources that would otherwise been placed in capital projects. Across the globe political corruption has manifested in the manner that public officers have used their de jure powers for illegitimate benefits. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Corruption as threat of Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The political officers who are charged with the core obligation of discharging their mandate with the cardinal objective of protecting the interest of the public have gone astray and turned a threat to the welfare of their employers, the citizens who pay taxes hoping better delivery of public goods. â€Å"Corruption manifests itself in varied forms that range from bribery, nepotism, misappropriation of resources, graft and patronage,† Ades,A Di Te lla, R. (1995). This kind of practices has resulted in the loss of public confidence on their own government .During electioneering period political candidates have promised haven to the electorate on their desire to relentlessly fight the vice raising the public morale to vote in favor of such candidates. These expectations abort immediately after the winners take over governance and begin to slow down their promises. Many governments have put in place institutions that are geared towards spearheading the war against graft. The anti graft bodies have ended up utilizing public resources without proper accountability as to the output from execution of their mandate. Globalization has had a great impact on corruption .With globalization the ways in which corruption is practiced has been transformed to take into consideration the technological advancement. The improved communication in the mobile telephony for example has enhanced coordination between various corrupt officials and mad e it possible for faster corrupt practices. Globalization has enhanced transnational activities e.g. human trafficking, drug trafficking and terrorism. The war on corrupt practices has also been complicated with better new ideas and software that conceals evidence necessary for indictment of corrupt officers. However, globalization has also enhanced the fight against corruption by boosting the modes of carrying out investigation and improving the methods of netting criminals e.g. through the use if CCTV surveillances and use of modern equipment in fighting terrorism. The transnational security threat caused by corruption is fast escalating across the boarders of the nations. Some of the security threats arising from corrupt activities include drug trafficking, international terrorism, kidnapping, international illegal immigration and money laundering. These threats to security has created instability causing fear by investors and other economic agents to withdraw their investments a move that has adversely affected the economic prosperity and growth of the economies (Chinhamo, O. Shumba, G. 2007). Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the misuse of the legitimate authority that has hugely fueled these activities that results in the global threat and security gap. The custom officers who are responsible for guarding the territorial boarders against smuggling of dangerous products have severally abdicated their mandate of protection and continuously used their position for selfish and short term economic benefits. Taking into account the threat of drug trafficking has led to the fraudulent smuggling of illegal drugs onto the countries boundaries without having followed the legal procedures and practices (Benaissa, H. 1993). Worst still is that the syndicate that trades in the dangerous drugs is the top government officials and rich business person who are har d to bring into account and have proper legal verdict passed to them. The act has further increased the distributional gap between the rich and the have not. Again the drugs like cocaine, bhang and nicotine among other drugs have negatively robbed the states the strong labour force that could contribute greatly to the nation’s income. Majority of the drug consumers are the youth who after addiction and drunkenness have been driven into oblivion and thus becoming non productive. Some have thereafter engaged in criminal activities e.g. crimes and theft a situation that has created instability and led to heavy expenditure on the security budget. Atatas S.H. (1990) argues that International illegal immigration which is also as a result of corruption has caused a threat to security as citizens from other nations aim at extending terrorism in peaceful states. These individuals are characterized by sneaking with dangerous arsenal that can be used to destroy the peaceful coexistence . The immigration officers have thus slept on the job by not becoming strong on the need to be vigilant on international movement thus enhancing criminal activities across the globe. Human trafficking has also been in the rise in the international scenario. Many individuals have been kidnapped across the boarders and detained. The kidnappers have always demanded exorbitant payment in order to release the victims. This way corruption has been facilitated by the collusion of our security servicemen to drive the world in further security threats. International terrorism has for a long duration remained a headache in the international situation with many heads of states organizing for international treaties and agreements on the need to corporate to help eradicate the threat of terrorism. Terrorism has destroyed trillions of investments within seconds when missiles are directed towards cities and towns with a bid to have supremacy gains. Advertising We will write a custom essay sa mple on Concepts of Corruption as threat of Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world leader s who are interested in having recognition without any tangible reasons have embarked on this kind of unproductive war to have themselves known. Through the wanton destruction of property the states have lost a great deal of resources that could be used to finance capital projects Finally, the impact caused by money laundering has threatened countries financial system and caused financial panic amongst the various financial institutions. Income that has sneaked into the financial system without clear roots has made it difficult for the policymakers to come up with policy documents that can help manage the economy in prudent manner. The practice has resulted into serious inflationary impact and financial shock that has caused financial flight. This move has retarded the growth of the economies and employment has thus been curtailed a s a result of the minimum opportunities. What now remains clear is that the transnational crimes that results from corruption are of high gravity and must be given the attention and weight necessary for mitigating their huge impacts. Accordingly to Ades,A Di Tella, R. (1995). the US government should build on its international relations with other states and nations around the globe to assist in curtailing the terrorism threat and drug trafficking amongst various crimes. It is in only symbiotically coordinating with other states and international community that may aid easy apprehending of the criminals. The upheaval that is likely to be encountered is the differing international laws and varied practices and cultures. Any way it would be much easy and cheaper for seeking this cooperation and integration as international unnecessary barriers will be past constraint. In conclusion the adverse effects of corruption are of great magnitude and efforts have to be put into place to help curb the problem. Corruption must be viewed in a wider perspective and the manners in which it intersects with other transnational threat are indispensable in our discussion. It is therefore in order for every patriotic us citizen to shun this vice and avoid engaging in any act that breach the set laws. Reference List Ades,A Di Tella, R. (1995). Competition and Corruption: Applied Economics Discussion. Oxford: Oxford University press.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Atatas S.H. (1990). Corruption: Its nature, Causes and functions.Aldershot: Alianza Benaissa, H. (1993). Corruption and the Socio-cultural cotext. Deventer: Kluwer Law and taxation publishers Chinhamo, O. Shumba, G. (2007). Institutional working definition of corruption. London: Macmillan Publishers. This essay on Concepts of Corruption as threat of Security was written and submitted by user Lola W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mercury 13 - First Lady Astronaut Trainees (FLATs)

Mercury 13 - First Lady Astronaut Trainees (FLATs) In the early 1960s, when the first groups of astronauts were selected, NASA didnt think to look at the qualified female pilots who were available. Instead, the agency focused on test and fighter pilots, roles that were denied to women, no matter how well they could fly. As a consequence, the U.S. didnt fly women in space until the 1980s, while the Russians flew their first female astronaut in 1962. First Efforts That changed when Dr. William Randolph Randy Lovelace II invited pilot Geraldyn Jerrie Cobb to undergo the physical fitness testing regimen that he had helped to develop to select the original U.S. astronauts, the Mercury Seven. After becoming the first American woman to pass those tests, Jerrie Cobb and Doctor Lovelace publicly announced her test results at a 1960 conference in Stockholm and recruited more women to take the tests. Testing Women for Space Cobb and Lovelace were assisted in their efforts by Jacqueline Cochran, who was a famous American aviatrix and an old friend of Lovelaces. She even volunteered to pay for the testing expenses. By the fall of 1961, a total of 25 women, ranging in age from 23 to 41, went to the Lovelace Clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They underwent four  days of testing, doing the same physical and psychological tests as the original Mercury Seven had. While some had learned of the examinations by word of mouth, many were recruited through the Ninety-Nines, a women pilots organization. A few of these pilots took additional tests. Jerrie Cobb, Rhea Hurrle, and Wally Funk went to Oklahoma City for an isolation tank test. Jerrie and Wally also experienced a high-altitude chamber test and the Martin-Baker seat ejection test. Because of other family and job commitments, not all of the women were asked to take these tests. Out of the original 25 applicants, 13 were chosen for further testing at the Naval Aviation center in Pensacola, FL. The finalists were dubbed the First Lady Astronaut Trainees, and eventually, the Mercury 13. They were: Jerrie CobbMary Wallace Wally FunkIrene LevertonMyrtle K CagleJaney Hart (now deceased)Gene Nora Stombough [Jessen]Jerri Sloan Now deceased)Rhea Hurrle [Woltman]Sarah Gorelick [Ratley]Bernice B Trimble Steadman (now deceased)Jan Dietrich (now deceased)Marion Dietrich (now deceased)Jean Hixson (now deceased) High Hopes, Dashed Expectations Expecting the next round of tests to be the first step in training which could conceivably allow them to become astronaut trainees, several of the women quit their jobs in order to be able to go. Shortly before they were scheduled to report, the women received telegrams canceling the Pensacola testing. Without an official NASA request to run the tests, the Navy would not allow the use of their facilities. Jerrie Cobb (the first woman to qualify) and Janey Hart (the forty-one-year-old mother who was also married to U.S. Senator Philip Hart of Michigan) campaigned in Washington to have the program continue. They contacted President Kennedy and vice-president Johnson. They attended hearings chaired by Representative Victor Anfuso and testified on behalf of the women. Unfortunately, Jackie Cochran, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, and George Low all testified that including women in the Mercury Project or creating a special program for them would be a detriment to the space program. NASA was stilling requiring all astronauts to be jet test pilots and have engineering degrees. Since no women could meet these requirements due to being excluded from such service in the military, none qualified to become astronauts. The Subcommittee expressed sympathy, but did not rule on the question. Nevertheless, They Persisted and Women Went to Space Former Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova and U.S. astronaut Cady Coleman (right), together before Colemans 2010 launch to space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazahkstan. NASA   On June 16, 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space. Clare Booth Luce published an article about the Mercury 13  in Life magazine criticizing NASA for not achieving this first. Tereshkovas launch and the Luce article renewed media attention to women in space. Jerrie Cobb made another push to revive the womens testing. It failed. It took 15 years before the next U.S. women were selected to go to space, and the Soviets didnt fly another female for nearly 20 years after Tereshkovas flight. Sally Ride was the first U.S. woman astronaut. NASA In 1978, six women were chosen as astronaut candidates by NASA: Rhea Seddon, Kathryn Sullivan, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Anna Fisher and Shannon Lucid. On June 18, 1983, Sally Ride became the first American woman in space. On February 3, 1995, Eileen Collins became the first woman to pilot a space shuttle. At her invitation, eight of the First Lady Astronaut Trainees attended her launch. On July 23, 1999, Collins also became the first woman Shuttle Commander.   Today women routinely fly to space, fulfilling the promise of the first women to train as astronauts. As time passes, the Mercury 13 trainees are passing on, but their dream lives on in the women who live and work and space for NASA and space agencies in Russia, China, Japan, and Europe.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

On The Genealogy of Morals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On The Genealogy of Morals - Assignment Example It was a defining aspect of ancient Egyptian culture. This was Nietzsche’s point. Morality is defined by culture, not true morality. Nietzsche’s examination of true morality was based on the question of morality as a basis, not morality of a culture. There are some basic morality rules that have remained unchanged throughout history. Murder, theft, and adultery have been outlawed from the beginning by most cultures. These are not defined by anyone culture, but by most. The cultural values are what set a culture apart from another. For example, Christianity has had set moral laws based on the Ten Commandments. Jewish culture has set moral laws not only by the Ten Commandments, but other laws outlined in the Torah or Christian Old Testament. The Chinese Culture has been influenced by Taoism, Buddhism, and other Eastern religions. Religion has set the morality in many cultures. Another point that Nietzsche made is today’s culture trying to atone for their culture’s past. An example would be America trying to make up for slavery. There is not way a culture can ‘make up’ for the past. The only solution is to try and search for true morality, and then live that way. Nietzsche warned that cultures trying to atone for the past have already ended their culture’s growth toward true